Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *i=dor̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 dry, arid 2 dry land (opposed to sea)

GIP: idor 1

ANV: idor 1, 2

BNV: idor 1

SAL: idor 1

LAB: idor, ador 1

ZBR: ídor 1

RNC: idor 1

COMMENTS: PSC *=iŁ_V(r) > *irdor̄ > *idor̄. See note to *a=gor̄.

PROTO: *i=dul-ki

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 block of wood, 2 pedestal

BZK: idulki 1

GIP: idulki 2

COMMENTS: External comparison suggests the original segmentation *i=dul-ki.

PROTO: *i=har̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: maple tree

LAB: ihar

COMMENTS: This word is cited in Lacoizqueta’s (1888) dictionary of plant names, but otherwise seems “obscure" (Trask 1997: 307).

PROTO: *i=hunc

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: dew

ARB: iunz

BZK: iruntz, (Gernika) irauntz, (Arratia, Orozko, Txorierri), iñontz, (Txorierri, Zigoitia) euntz

GIP: intz

ANV: intz

BNV: ihitz

SAL: intz

LAB: ihintz

BZT: intz

ZBR: ĩ́hĩtz

RNC: intz

COMMENTS: BZK /r/ is difficult to explain. Cf. PNC *xwɨ̆mc̣_wɨ̄ 'dirt, bog'.

PROTO: *i=ɫhinti

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: firebrand, ember

BZK: ilinti, ilindi, illenti, illeti

GIP: illeti

ANV: illeti

SAL: illendi

LAB: ilhendi, illeti

ZBR: ilhínti

RNC: (Uztárroz) ilinti, (Vidángoz) illindi

COMMENTS: Cf. ilindi (ANV, BZT, SAL, LAB) 'dead ear of wheat', probably < *'dry thing'. Some northern dialects have expressive variants itxindi, itxendi.

PROTO: *i=śać

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 broom (plant) 2 broom (implement) 3 tail (of animal) 4 sorghum

BZK: gisats 1

GIP: isats 1, 3

ANV: isats 1, 2

BNV: iats, jats 1, 2, 4

LAB: isats, itsats 1, 2, jats 1, 2, 4

BZT: itsats 1, 2

ZBR: jats 4

RNC: isats 1

COMMENTS: isats 'tail' listed in Diccionario "IKAS" as general GIP. According to Azkue, restricted to the village of Beterri (for the meaning 'tail'). More generally 'broom' (made from furze, or other 'broom' plant of the Genisteae tribe).

PROTO: *i=sar̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: star

BZK: izar

GIP: izar

ANV: izar

BNV: izar

SAL: izar

LAB: izar

BZT: izar

AZK: izar

ZBR: izar

RNC: izar

PROTO: *i=serdi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 sweat 2 sap

BZK: izardi 1, (arc) izerdi 1

GIP: izerdi 1

ANV: izerdi 1, 2

BNV: izerdi 1, 2

SAL: izerdi 1, 2

LAB: izerdi 1, (arc) 2

BZT: izerdi 1, 2

ZBR: izerdi 1

RNC: izerdi 1, 2

COMMENTS: For the semantics of ‘sweat ~ blood’ cf. Icelandic sveiti ‘sweat; (poetic) blood’, Swedish (dial.) sveitt, šveitt, etc., 'blood (of a slaughtered animal), blood (from a sore)’, Old English swǣtan ‘to sweat, to bleed’, etc.

PROTO: *i=soc

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 frost, ice 2 dew 3 drizzle

BZK: (Markina) izotz 1

GIP: izotz 1

BNV: (Aldude) izotz 1

SAL: izotz 1

LAB: izotz 1, (Ainhoa) izotz 3

BZT: izotz 1

ZBR: ízotz 1

RNC: izotz 1, (Uztárroz) izotz 2, 3

COMMENTS: The NC attestation of *ʒwVnć(w)V is very limited. Bsq *s = PNC *ʒ is well established, but other matches of Bsq *-c ~ PNC *-nć- are unknown. Thus this Bsq-NC comparison is quite tentative.

PROTO: *i=sor̄o

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: root

RNC: izorro

COMMENTS: Cf. Lezgi, Agul sur 'ramson' < PEC *sɨwirV, generalized > (any) 'root' in Bsq (or specialized in NC)?

PROTO: *i=śtu

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: spittle, saliva

GIP: istu

ANV: iztu, ixtu

COMMENTS: An expressive form that phonetically matches PEC *šHătV, with the usual syncope < *i=śutu, or the like. This and other similar forms (txistu, listu, lixtu, etc.) are the results of much cross-contamination and blending with Bsq *tu ‘to spit’, *lić ‘saliva’, etc.

PROTO: *i=tain

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: tick (parasite)

BNV: ithain

ZBR: ithain, ithã́ñ

RNC: itain

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *ṭaHnā (~ -ǝ̄) 'nit'.

PROTO: *i=til

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 puddle, small pool, pond 2 small puddle

GIP: istil 1, ixtil 2

ANV: (Esteribar) istil 1, ixtil 2

BNV: istil 1, ixtil 2

LAB: istil 1, ixtil 2

BZT: itil 1, istil 1, ixtil 2

ZBR: istil 1, ixtil 2

COMMENTS: In this analysis *i=til (BZT) is original (cf. Kryz w=iṭil 'drop, dripping', etc.), and the variants istil, ixtil are contaminated by *i=śtu 'saliva, spittle' (q.v.).

PROTO: *i=tur̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: fountain, spring

BZK: iturri

GIP: iturri

BNV: ithurri

SAL: iturri

LAB: ithurri

ZBR: üthǘrri

RNC: uturri

COMMENTS: Cf. especially Karata ṭor- 'to drop, drip, flow'. For 'spring, source' the compound *itur̄-begi 'fountain-eye' is used (cf. Span. ojo, Arabic, Hebrew ʕayin with this sense), or *itur̄-sulɦo 'fountain-hole'. Some other forms from this root seem to be Bsq *e=to ‘to drown’ and *i=to- ‘gutter’.

PROTO: *ise-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: aunt

BZK: izeko, (arc) ezeko

GIP: izeba, izeko

ANV: (Lezaka) izeba

BNV: izeba, (Aldude) izea, (Hazparren) izoa

LAB: izaba, (Ainhoa) izoa

BZT: izoa

AZK: izo

ZBR: izeba, izaba

COMMENTS: For the element *-ba, see separate record.

PROTO: *ista- (*i=sta-)

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 groin 2 thigh 3 hamstring, back of knee

BZK: iztai, iztei 1, iztar, izter 2, (arc) iztegi 1

GIP: iztar 2

ANV: izta-tu 3

BNV: (Amikuse) izta-zain 3, (arc) ixter 2

SAL: izter 2, izta-zain 3

LAB: izter 2

ZBR: íxter 2, ixte-záñ 3

RNC: izta-zaĩ 3

COMMENTS: An interesting SC comparison, with limited NC attestation (Circassian), but based on Burushaski cognates, probably archaic.

PROTO: *isu

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 fright, terror 2 untamed, shy, rude, unsociable

BZK: izu 1, (Markina) uzu 2

GIP: izu 1, 2

ANV: izi 1

SAL: izi 1

LAB: izi 1

ZBR: izi 1

RNC: izi 1

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *ħVmć̣V 'fear, fright'.

PROTO: *kaheka

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: (female) owl

BNV: (Amikuse) kaheka

ZBR: kaháka

COMMENTS: A localized (northern) onomatopoeic word, but it may have cognates in Burushaski and Yeniseian words for birds of prey.

PROTO: *kaiku

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: wooden bowl (used for milking sheep)

BZK: kaiku

GIP: kaiku

ANV: (Esteribar) kaiku

LAB: (Ainhoa) kaiku

BZT: kaiku

COMMENTS: Michelena (1961) and Trask (1995) try to derive this word from an obscure Latin word caucu-, which seems historically unlikely for this lowly shepherd's implement. Furthermore, the development of Lat /au/ > Bsq /ai/ is only eastern (e.g. ZBR, RNC gáiza ‘thing’ < causa, which is gauza in the West), and kaiku is attested mainly in the West.

PROTO: *kain

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: fog, mist, large storm clouds

BZK: kain

COMMENTS: This word was attested in 1496, in the early text Refranes y sentencias, as {cayna} 'niebla, vaho, nubarrones'.